Celebrating Black composers of classical music

The songs speak of being Black and proud, of dreams and hopes, of hard work, love and a belief in goodness. Baritone Thomas Hampson loves American art song — classical songs meant to be performed on the concert stage.

His long-term project  “Song of America” aims to tell the history of American culture through the voices of poets and composers, and he has toured it repeatedly throughout Europe.

In his newest project, Hampson is focusing on classical music whose words and music were written by African Americans.

“Europeans are always looking for the voice in America that tells them what really is going on, how do people really live, how do they really get along with themselves, what does democracy really look like and function like,” Hampson told DW. “This program is about the sound of diversity. Without question, on both sides of the Atlantic a great deal of this repertoire is completely unknown.”

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Scott Joplin (1868-1917)

  He died of syphilitic dementia and was buried in an unmarked grave. His opera “Treemonisha” wasn’t performed until seven decades later. But Scott Joplin’s “Maple Leaf Rag” and 43 other ragtime piano pieces made him one of the 20th century’s most influential composers. Melody in the right hand, accompaniment in the left, and those syncopations! Jazz? No, thoroughly classical in form and structure.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Florence B. Price (1887-1953)

  1933 saw the first orchestral premiere of a symphonic work by a black woman composer. The lushly orchestrated E Minor Symphony was one of 300 works by Florence Price, including chamber music, piano concertos, arrangements of spirituals and art songs. 200 of them, and additional documents, were found in 2009 in 33 boxes in a dilapidated house in a small Illinois city – Price’s onetime summer home.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Anthony Davis (1951-)

  He was awarded the 2020 Pulitzer Prize in Music for “The Central Park Five,” an opera about five New York black and Latino teenagers who were wrongly convicted of rape in the 1980s and later exonerated. His first opera “X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X,” which premiered in 1986, also deals with the issue of race and political struggle. Anthony Davis is a solo pianist and music professor as well.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower (1780-1860)

  Ever heard of the “Bridgetower Sonata?” Had Ludwig van Beethoven not had a falling out with his erstwhile friend George Bridgetower, he might have kept the original name and not renamed his opus 47 the “Kreutzer Sonata.” The prodigious violinist performed for the American president Thomas Jefferson and the English King George IV. Yet he died in poverty, and little of his own music exists today.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges (1745-1799)

  France’s best fencer, prodigious violinist, Marie Antoinette’s violin teacher, colonel in the republican army during the French Revolution, Chevalier de Saint-Georges has been called “the black Mozart.” Misleadingly so, since the real Mozart envied him for his accomplishments. Several operas, 15 highly virtuosic violin concertos, symphonies and chamber works issued forth from the Chevalier’s pen.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875-1912)

  He’s called “the African Mahler,” but his late romantic concert music infused with folk melodies can stand on its own. Hugely famous on both sides of the Atlantic, the Afro-British composer toured the US three times and performed at the White House for Theodore Roosevelt. “Hiawatha’s Wedding Feast” of 1898 was performed 200 times in his short lifetime: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor died at age 37.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  William Grant Still (1895-1978)

  The first black musician to conduct a major orchestra, the first to write an opera produced by a major company and performed on national television: William Grant Still is known for his Afro-American Symphony of 1930 but was an oboist and jazz arranger as well. Having studied under the French avant-garde composer Edgard Varese, Still wrote 150 compositions, including Hollywood film music.

• Black classical composers to listen to

  Wynton Marsalis (1961-)

  Called “potentially the greatest trumpeter of all time” by fellow-trumpeter Maurice André, Grammy Award winner Wynton Marsalis has spiced up the world of classical music with four symphonies and, most recently, his violin concerto of 2019. His music is infused with touches of jazz, gospel and spiritual, and his scope is inclusive, from big band to symphony orchestra and from quartets to ballets.

  Author: Rick Fulker

The music of African American composers

Hampson developed the project with soprano Louise Toppin, eventually bringing conductor Roderick Cox, numerous singers and The Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen (The German Chamber Orchestra Bremen) on board. The concert, “A Celebration of Black Music,” concluded the Hamburg International Music Festival in the Elbphilharmonie concert hall.

Starting June 6 at 8 p.m. local time, a live recording of the performance will be available to watch online.

One of the pieces on the program is contemporary composer Valerie Coleman’s 2019 hymn “Umoja,” the Swahili word for unity.

The work has a Swahili folk song sound, Cox said. When the song speaks of hate and injustice, the sounds become dissonant, but the jarring tones resolve at the end, and very sweetly sung notes build up into a unified folk sound, Cox said.

Composer William Grant Still, who lived from 1895 to 1978, had African American and Native American heritage. His “Afro-American Symphony,” written in 1930, remained the most performed symphony by an African American composer well into the 1950s.

For his project, Hampson selected excerpts from Still’s opera “Costaso” (1952) and “Highway 1 USA” (1962).

William Grant Still’s ‘Afro-American Symphony’ was his first of five symphonies

Forgotten Pulitzer Prize winner and symphonic composer

George Walker is among the most well-known African American composers and music pedagogues. In 1996 he became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Music, taking home the award for “Lilacs,” a piece for voice and orchestra. 

While orchestras seem to be playing it once again, it was largely absent for a large period of time, Cox said. The celebration program includes Walker’s most well-known work, his 1946 “Lyric for Strings,” which was a lament for his grandmother, who had been enslaved, Cox said.

Composer Hale Smith comes from the world of jazz. In 1989 he composted “Four Negro Spirituals,” complete with grand vocal finale.

Margaret Bonds also drew on the spiritual tradition, creating a popular arrangement of “He’s Got the Whole World in His Hands” for high voice and piano in 1963.

Bonds was a student of William Levi Dawson, whose monumental “Negro Folk Symphony” premiered at Carnegie Hall in 1934. A big hit at the time, it later fell into obscurity. During those years of economic hardship in the US, no publisher could be found for the work. Today it remains difficult to find a printed score. 

“We had to really take our time to go through it, and even in rehearsal there were notes that were wrong or bars that were missing,” Cox said. He would like to raise funds to reprint the work and find a publisher to take it up in its catalog.

Hampson thinks that Dawson’s symphony was also not published in part because Black culture in the US was not appreciated enough. “There is another story about Black African American culture, especially the canon of classical music creativity, which seems to have existed throughout most of the 20th century like a parallel universe to the white classical culture in America.”

Baritone Thomas Hampson is also a music scholar

Supporting Black musicians

Hampson wants to help bring more attention to classical music by African American composers. “With this rekindled passion, especially in Europe, about Black Lives Matter, it seemed to me to be the exact time to let us hear from the culture itself, to try and get away from some of the political animosity and simply hear the great poets and the great composers tell the story of American culture through their eyes, in their words, in their music, and not through some white filter or some industry filter,” he said.

It’s part of his broader mission to support intercultural dialogue and understanding through music. To work toward this goal, he founded his Hampsong Foundation in 2003 and the sister initiative “Song of America” in 2009, which “A Celebration of Black Music” is a part of.

Conductor Cox has also founded an initiative. It provides support to African American children who want to learn music.

Cox says support, encouragement and resources are key to helping young Black kids get involved in classical music

He had wanted to learn the French horn as a child, but his family didn’t have enough money to buy the instrument. A foundation in his hometown ended up providing the funds.

“I didn’t have a parent who took me to see ‘Tristan and Isolde’ at the opera, and I decided, ‘Oh, I want to be a conductor one day.'”

Cox arrived for his master’s at Northwestern University thinking he would become a teacher. But he caught the eye of his conducting instructor in class, who told him, “You should be conducting orchestra.” This encouragement laid the cornerstone for Cox’s career.

“That is what’s needed: support, resources, and planting seeds in children’s minds where they know that this is possible,” he said.

Hampson is already thinking about his next project, which he would like to focus on women’s creativity. “We still don’t have an equal rights amendment in America. How ridiculous is that in 2021?” Hampson said. “If we really want to say we are a democracy, in whatever country you are, then the next word out of your mouth must be the celebration of diversity. If diversity isn’t celebrated, it is not a democracy, in my opinion.”

This article was translated from German.

Article source: https://www.dw.com/en/celebrating-black-composers-of-classical-music/a-57778118?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf